Yesterday, I received word that Joel Segal of Blue Equity Sports Television (BEST) has signed Brandon Graham and Brandon Minor.

Both players just finished their senior seasons with the University of Michigan football team.  A 5-7 win/loss record is no flashy way to exit college football, but at least it was a better record than they boasted in 2008 (3-9).  The Rich Rod era is not off to the best of starts.

Anyway, with Michigan not headed to a bowl game, Graham and Minor are permitted to officially select their agents, and apparently they decided to stay blue, signing with Blue Equity and Joel Segal.

Graham (who has already committed to playing in the Senior Bowl) has recorded 29.5 career sacks and 56 career tackles for a loss as a Wolverine, and impressively had 10.5 sacks in 12 games played in 2009.  Minor (currently committed to play in the Shrine Game) led Michigan in rushing in 2008 and 2009.  This year he racked up 502 yards on 96 attempts.  Minor scores 8 touchdowns out of those 96 touches.  NFLDraftScout.com ranks Graham as the best outside linebacker in the country, and a future first round pick.  The site claims that Minor is the 7th best running back available and that he will be taken off the board in the 4th or 5th round.  Any agency would be ecstatic about having the chance to represent either of the former Wolverines.

So how did Joel Segal land both of the future draft picks?  That is actually a very interesting story.  Segal had to survive a vetting process handed by a couple of Jewish Michigan undergrad students: Jordan Klein and a kid with the last name Sillman.  Graham and Minor spend the Jewish Holidays with the two Jewish students.  Maybe they would enjoy reading my Shabbat Shalom: Friday Wrap-Up column.

Neil Stratton of InsideTheLeague.com received a much lengthier explanation than I did on how it all went down.  Here are is my synopsis:

• The players asked Klein and Sillman to find them the agents who would be the best fit.  Criteria = track record, previous contracts, their reputations around the league, and their chemistry with the player.
• Klein and Sillman did not get paid to help out the players.
• Agencies contacted included Athletes First, Priority Sports, BEST and the Tollners.  Agencies researched = Rosenhaus Sports and CAA.
• The players themselves only met with 3 agencies – Joel Segal of BEST, Jeremiah Donati of Steinberg Sports, and Lamont Smith of All-Pro Sports (which was essentially done as a favor to Graham’s father).
• Why BEST and Joel Segal won out – It was small enough where the players would not get overlooked, but had the same resources as the biggest firms.
• Klein and Sillman are now interviewing financial planners for the players.

Brandon Graham And Brandon Minor Put Their Trust In A Couple Of Friends from Sports Agent Blog - Sports Business, Sports Law, Sports Negotiations, NCAA Rules

Under the Boxing Regulatory Act in the Michigan Penal Code, MMA and UFC professional fights are considered “prized fights” and are strictly prohibited. This means that no gym or any other place can host an event that sells tickets in the state of Michigan. Without being able to sell tickets and earn money at events, why would athletes and sponsors ever consider staying in Michigan to train and fight? Many athletes have asked that exact question and have chosen to leave the state to pursue their MMA dreams.

The rise of MMA all across the world and specifically in the state of Michigan, has forced the Michigan government and other states to react. The Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth and the House Regulatory committee have decided to do something about the Boxing Regulatory Act and help promote MMA within the state. The initiation of professional MMA in Michigan will also give a big boost to the economy. After much debate, House Bills 4869 and 4870 were finally introduced on May 30^th, 2007 and are now about to be voted on shortly.

House Bill 4869 changes the name of the Boxing Regulatory Act and renames it the Unarmed Combat Act (UCA). Congress took the BRA and merely changed its name and added mixed martial arts to the type of combat allowed. That, along with adjusting several other small areas, are the only real changes made to the Boxing Regulatory Act that existed since 2004. The UCA will cover the rules that will govern the MMA and all related unarmed combat fights. It will also discuss how funding will be provided. “Funding for the MMA programs would be provided through license fees and a capped 3% tax on all televised contracts, regardless of venue size, unlike boxing, which is limited to a venue size of 5,000 or more.”

The modifications continue with the emergence of a capped 3% tax on all television contracts, regardless of size. If the bill passes the way it is currently written, the MMA would be conducted under the New Jersey rules. These rules have already been adopted in a number of states that allow MMA fights.

The next corresponding bill, House Bill 4870, simply excuses the MMA from the provisions of the Penal Code, which prohibit ticket sales and “prized” events in the state of Michigan. The bill also suggests that Michigan regulate and acknowledge MMA under the Unarmed Combat Act.

If the bills make it through, Michigan will be one of the few states that currently allows professional MMA fights. The two bills together will regulate and control MMA throughout the entire state. The sport would bring a lot of added revenue to Michigan and could seriously help out the struggling economy. State revenues are expected to increase by an undetermined amount. The passing of these bills will allow out of state fans the opportunity to come to Michigan and watch their favorite fighters. The House also suggests that other taxes and income will stay in the state, as Michigan fighters will now be able to train and fight domestically.

The State of Ohio recently enacted similar regulations. According to Ohio statistics, two sizable UFC fights in the state brought $6,000,000 in revenue plus an additional $24,000,000 more to the cities’ local economies where the events were held. A recent event in Akron saw more people attend from out of state than inside the state.

While the exact numbers are still uncertain, there is no doubt that regulating MMA would increase the revenue in Michigan and give individuals inside the state something new to watch and train for. Local communities and gyms like Big House Boxing and MMA would see a huge rise in attendance and would benefit immensely by House Bill 4869 and 4870. Enacting these bills would not only make local gyms and training facilities happy, it would also be an advantage to all Michigan residents.

Although some people still oppose the fighting style and physicality of MMA, the benefits clearly outweigh the consequences. With strict and organized regulation of MMA events, Michigan can entice athletes and fighters from all over the country to come and train here. Innovation is key and the state has a great opportunity to capitalize on here. Mixed martial arts can be regulated and controlled for Michigan’s benefit. Just like the state government recently did when they adjusted the tax rates to attract movie and entertainment companies. Allowing professional MMA fights can have just as big an impact on the economy, and right now that is exactly what Michigan needs.

MMA Making Its Way To Michigan from Sports Agent Blog - Sports Business, Sports Law, Sports Negotiations, NCAA Rules

(Also check out Thorn’s Big Board)

Round 1

1. Detroit – QB Matthew Stafford ~ Georgia = If the Lions feel that Stafford is the best player in the draft then they need to do everything they can to get a deal done and draft the kid. I’ve said it before, Stafford’s inconsistency and tendency to disappear in certain situations scares me a little bit. What can’t be ignored is his ability to make every throw on the football field, his great size, and smarts. From all the interviews I’ve seen he comes off as very level headed yet intelligent, which is something you need in a quarterback. I say take the chance on the lineman and lower your chances of a bust, but if they can reach a contract agreement with Stafford he’s the pick.

Agency Representation = CAA

2. St. Louis – OT Jason Smith ~ Baylor = Unless the Rams have another franchise left tackle there hiding somewhere, they have a huge hole at the most critical line position (especially for a right handed quarterback). Smith is a “new wave” tackle with incredible athleticism and strength. He also plays with a vengeance and can really dominate people. With the departure of OT Orlando Pace, the only question is if it’s going to be Smith or Eugene Monroe.

Agency Representation = CAA

3. Kansas City – WR Michael Crabtree ~ Texas Tech = The loss of a big time receiving threat TE Tony Gonzalez further enhances their need for weapons in the passing game. Head Coach Todd Haley was very successful with two dynamic receivers in Arizona and WR Michael Crabtree is a lot like what Haley had in Arizona with WR Larry Fitzgerald. Paired with WR Dwayne Bowe, this could be all the Chiefs need for the next 5-8 years as far as receivers go. Passing up on maybe the safest pick in the draft LB Aaron Curry will be difficult, but selecting a LB better suited for a 4-3 this high is a slight reach no matter how good he is.

Agency Representation = Maximum Sports

4. Seattle -.OT Eugene Monroe ~ Virginia = Seattle could select the best player on the board here (Crabtree) but they may feel like they did enough this off-season to address the receiver position for another year. Eugene has come from a school rich in tradition, he has great size (6’5″ 309), and has a solid all around skill set. With future hall of famer LT Walter Jones to learn from, the chance to start at right tackle for a year, and an excellent system for his pass blocking skills to shine, this would be a very smart pick for the Seahawks.

Agency Representation = 320 Sports

5. Cleveland – LB Aaron Curry ~ Wake Forest = Cleveland could go Orakpo or Raji here, but if Curry slips to them they would be very tempted to pick him up. Curry is regarded as the safest pick in the draft as well as the best overall prospect. He could form arguably the best duo in the league at middle linebacker with ILB D’Qwell Jackson while also lining up outside and rushing the passer. He certainly has the athleticism to do so.

Agency Representation = Octagon

6. Cincinnati – OT/OG Andre Smith ~ Alabama = The Bengals have to protect their franchise quarterback Carson Palmer and develop some kind of running game. Big Andre can come in and start at right tackle, leaving LT Levi Jones one more shot at playing left. Andre was the best lineman in college football last year so getting him here would be a great draft pick by Cincinnati. At 6’4″ 335, Smith is the definition of a mauler and will open up some serious lanes in the running game.

Agency Representation = GMG Football

7. Oakland -  DE Brian Orakpo ~ Texas = Oakland is a very hard team to predict because of owner Al Davis’s infatuation with measurables. Orakpo not only has very impressive measurables, he is the top prospect on the board. I really think if the draft plays out this way, the Raiders should go ahead and take Orakpo. The 2008 unanimous 1^st team All-American was stellar last year for the Longhorns. At 6’4″ 263, Orakpo posted a 38.5 inch vertical, 31 reps of 225, and a 4.70 40 at the combine. All these things I’m sure have impressed owner Al Davis, and Head Coach Tom Cable, being a former offensive line coach, will want to take the guy who can get after the quarterback. WR Jeremy Maclin is another strong possibility here.

Agency Representation = CAA

8. Jacksonville - DT/NT B.J. Raji ~ Boston College = This is something I have rarely seen among mock drafts but makes way too much sense to not be considered seriously. The Jaguars were at their best when they had TWO dominant defensive tackles anchoring the defensive side of the ball. Right now DT John Henderson is 30 years old and wearing down and DT Rob Meier isn’t scaring anybody. The Jaguars were around Raji at the Senior Bowl and they know what he can do. With the reporting signing of WR Torry Holt, the only receiver I can see them taking here is WR Michael Crabtree, if he happened to fall this far. Raji would elevate their entire defense, especially being alongside DT John Henderson.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

9. Green Bay -  OLB/DE Aaron Maybin ~ Penn State = The Packers made the switch to the 3-4 this past off-season and only have one player who can adequately fill the role as a pass rusher (Aaron Kampman). Kampman is nearly 30 years old and much better suited for the 4-3, so selecting Maybin here makes a lot of sense. Maybin can absolutely fly off the football and is demon like when he gets around the edge. Defensive Coordinator Dom Capers is known to run a very aggressive form of the 3-4, and with Maybin to turn lose in passing situations he can do exactly that.

Agency Representation = Blue Equity (unconfirmed)

10. San Francisco – QB Mark Sanchez ~ USC = I have made it known how I feel about Sanchez, he left a sweet taste in everybody’s mouth with his dismantling of Penn State’s secondary in his last game in college. That image has taken him far and he was very wise to declare for the draft. What San Fran would be getting with this guy is someone who already has a huge fan base in California which in this economy is definitely a factor. Aside from that he has all the makings of a great quarterback in the pros (size, arm strength, accuracy). I just am not sold on someone who started only one full season of college football.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

11. Buffalo -.DE/OLB Everette Brown ~ Florida State = The Bills have their top DE Aaron Schobal coming off a serious injury and he will be 32 years old by the time the 2009 season starts. Aside from him they have two lunch pail guys (DE’s Chris Kelsay & Ryan Denney) who are mainly just run stoppers. Brown gives them a serious boost in athleticism at defensive end, and could elevate the defense into the top half of the NFL. This opportunity will be too tempting to pass up if Brown is here.

Agency Representation = JL Sports

12. Denver - CB/S Malcolm Jenkins ~ Ohio State = When you look at Denver’s depth chart, no position besides defensive line has less depth than the secondary (with Raji, Brown, and Maybin gone none of the guys remaining merit the 12^th pick in my opinion) CB Champ Bailey is still a top two corner in football, yet he is 30 years old. We signed free agent CB Andre Goodman from Miami which was smart, but aside from these two it’s a bunch of no names. At safety we have 35 year old Brian Dawkins (who I love) & S Renaldo Hill (a 30 year old we signed from Miami as well). Jenkins is the best player left on the board and he can play either corner or safety for Denver, which makes him extremely valuable.

Agency Representation = CAA

13. Washington – LB Brian Cushing ~ USC = The Redskins are all of a sudden in need of linebackers after cutting LB Marcus Washington and DE/OLB Jason Taylor. Cushing is someone who could fill the role of outside linebacker while also being able to provide a pass rush. The signing of such a dominant force in the middle of the defense (DT Albert Haynesworth) will only enhance everyone’s play around him, especially those rushing the passer.

Agency Representation = CAA

14. New Orleans – CB Vontae Davis ~ Illinois = The Saints haven’t struck gold at corner in ages. Right now they have a whole bunch of second and third corners. Vontae has the ability to develop into a legit number 1. Questions about his character could cause him to slide down a few picks but I don’t see the Saints passing up on a guy who under the right circumstances could become an elite playmaker in the secondary.

Agency Representation = FAAM

15. Houston – RB Chris “Beanie” Wells ~ Ohio State = Houston is one of the few teams left in the NFL that does not have a dynamic second running back. RB Steve Slaton is an undersized guy who relies on his speed and quickness to get his yards; by adding Wells you add a whole new dimension to the running game which will boost an already potent offense.

Agency Representation = DeBartolo Sports

16. San Diego – DE Tyson Jackson ~ LSU = San Diego lost DE Igor Olshansky to the Cowboys and now need to replace a key cog in their 3-4 defense. Jackson is a guy many view as the ideal 3-4 end. He also provides very nice value at this position in the draft; Tyson could go as high as twelve to Denver.

Agency Representation = Maximum Sports

17. New York Jets - WR Jeremy Maclin ~ Missouri = The Jets could really use some speed in their receiving core with the loss of WR Laveranues Coles (Maclin ran a 4.43 40 at his pro day). The Jets also are really weak at receiver with only WR Jerricho Cotchery being proven. Cotchery is much more of a possession receiver as well so picking Maclin here makes a ton of sense. Maclin was one of the biggest playmakers in college football history as well. (Maclin gained 2,776 total yards as a freshman which is a NCAA record then as a sophomore he topped that and gained 2,833 total yards)

Agency Representation = CAA

18. Denver – LB Rey Maualuga ~ USC = Denver dealt their franchise quarterback and now it’s time to move on. Here they would be getting another leader for their defense to go with CB Champ Bailey. With the move to the 3-4, Denver needs a big, strong, hard hitting linebacker smack in the middle of the defense. Maualuga if not anything else, will bring great intensity and the all important intimidation factor that Denver has been lacking since MLB Al Wilson’s departure.

Agency Representation = Premier Sports

19. Tampa Bay – WR Percy Harvin ~ Florida = In Tampa under 32 year old head coach Raheem Morris, Harvin could really thrive. Despite being arguably the biggest playmaker in the draft he may fall this far due to a brief injury history and character concerns. It has been said he doesn’t get along with just anybody, but I have a feeling he would get along great with such a young head coach. Tampa is in need of some speed in their receiving core, and team period, so Harvin could sure help with that.

Agency Representation = Blue Equity

20. Detroit – OT Michael Oher ~ Ole Miss = The Lions are essentially building a new football team, so they must start from the inside. Oher has one of the greatest stories of anybody in the draft with his difficult upbringing, so you know he has the will power to succeed in the league. Aside from that, he was the best offensive lineman at the Senior Bowl,  his run blocking skills excellent and he has a very strong lower body. He may be a better fit at right tackle in the NFL, but is a legit top 20 pick regardless of which side he plays.

Agency Representation = BC Sports

21. Philadelphia – RB Knowshon Moreno ~ Georgia = The Eagles made a terrific move by trading for franchise left tackle Jason Peters. Philly has now one of the better offensive lines in the entire NFL, assuming OG Shawn Andrews comes back healthy. There is no better way to unleash your offensive line on somebody than running the football. With RB Brian Westbrook at the dreaded 30 year old mark, you can potentially get the steal of the draft here. Moreno didn’t blaze the 40 times, so it has caused him to slip in a lot of people’s minds. Turn on the film and you will see one of the most explosive, agile tailbacks to come along in years.

Agency Representation = CAA

22. Minnesota – C Alex Mack ~ Cal = By losing a franchise center in Matt Birk they just gained another to solidify them as having one of the best offensive lines in football.

Agency Representation = N/A

23. New England - LB Larry English ~ Northern Illinois = The Patriots would love to have a player like Larry English. He relies on his work ethic to get by, not just his skill set and athletic ability. He not only has these things, he seems to be in the right place at the right time on the football field which is a signal of a great football player. Head Coach Bill Belichick could put him in the best possible positions to make plays, giving him the right situation to go to as a rookie, which is critical to ANY rookie’s success.

Agency Representation = FAAM

24. Atlanta – LB Clay Matthews ~ USC = Atlanta cut both their starting outside linebackers this past off-season so OLB will be of high priority coming into the draft. Matthews although not very experienced, has great size, good speed, very good athleticism, and a rich NFL bloodline. He was a walk-on at USC and worked himself into a everyday contributor and eventually a starter. GM Thomas Dimitroff could fall in love with him and snatch him up here.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

25. Miami – CB Darius Butler ~ Connecticut = Miami doesn’t have a corner with shutdown capabilities so they will be looking hard for someone who can fill that role. Butler although only 5’9″ 185, has tremendous athletic ability. He ran a 4.38 40 and posted a 43 inch vertical at the combine. People have fallen in love with Butler, and with the AFC East’s strength of receivers, the Dolphins could feel inclined to take him.

Agency Representation = Rosenhaus Sports

26. Baltimore – TE Brandon Pettigrew ~ Oklahoma State = The Ravens don’t take very many chances when it comes to the draft. They take the best players who fit their scheme. Pettigrew is the best prospect on the board and would fit beautifully in the smash mouth offense in Baltimore. He can catch, block, and use his body very well to screen defenders. He also would be surrounded by some great leadership in Baltimore which will really help his development.

Agency Representation = Octagon

27. Colts – DT Peria Jerry ~ Ole Miss = The Colts are a team that likes quick, penetrating defensive tackles who fit the 3 technique to a tee. Jerry is exactly that type of prospect, and coming into Indianapolis he would have the opportunity to start right away.

Agency Representation = BC Sports

28. Bills – OT Eben Britton ~ Arizona = In trading away your franchise left tackle your entire offensive line takes a giant hit. This pick would soften that blow tremendously with Britton’s ability to come in and play either left or right tackle. QB Trent Edwards is going to need time to get the ball to newly acquired WR Terrell Owens. Britton is 6’6″ 310, and is equally stout vs. the run & pass.

Agency Representation = CAA

29. Giants – WR Darrius Heyward-Bey ~ Maryland = The Giants gave up on WR Plexico Burress and released him, making receiver a major need. Bey is much faster than Plex, (he ran a 4.30 40 yard dash at the combine) but he needs to work on his route running. His potential to be a big time down the field threat, paired with the huge need at receiver make Bey a likely choice here.

Agency Representation = CAA

30. Titans – WR Hakeem Nicks ~ North Carolina = Tennessee hasn’t had a receiver who they could go to on a consistent basis in years. WR Justin Gage is solid, and they recently signed WR Nate Washington from Pittsburgh. Nicks has far more talent than both of these guys, some of the best hands in the draft, and he is very physical which fits the Titans offense to a tee.

Agency Representation = All-Pro Sports

31. Cardinals – DE Robert Ayers ~ Tennessee = Arizona lost DE Antonio Smith to the Texans this off-season so they have a hole in their rotation. Ayers is an upgrade over Smith. At 6’3″ 272, Ayers is more than big and strong enough to hold up against the run. What makes him so intriguing is his ability to get around the corner and sack the quarterback. DE Bertrand Berry won’t be there much longer either, so Ayers fits a need and is the best player on the board.

Agency Representation = Eastern Athletic Svcs

32. Steelers – DT/DE Ziggy Hood ~ Missouri = Pittsburgh needs some depth on their defensive line. All three starters are over 30, and if one of them got injured (which happened last season) having a guy with Hood’s ability will only make their defense that much better. At 6’3″ 298, he has the ideal size for a 3-4 end and is stout at the point of attack.

Agency Representation = Octagon

Round 2

33. Lions – OG/C Max Unger ~ Oregon = Detroit continues to build their offensive line with the versatile Unger. He can come in and bring with him a solid all-around lineman who can be just as effective at guard as center. Detroit’s offensive line is among the worst in the league, so this pick not only has good value, but fills an important need.

Agency Representation = Yee and Dubin

34. Patriots – CB Alphonso Smith ~ Wake Forest = New England signed veteran CB Shawn Springs as well as CB Leigh Bodden, so Smith can come in and battle with these two and CB Ellis Hobbs for a starting role. This would give the Patriots excellent depth at a position they usually don’t have that at. Smith is the ACC’s all-time leader in interceptions and has great instincts.

Agency Representation = Rosenhaus Sports

35. Rams – QB Josh Freeman ~ Kansas = Marc Bulger has gotten hurt a lot lately, and with a new coaching staff, the Rams may want their own guy to develop.  Plus, Freeman can sit for a year or two in development. With his huge arm and ideal size, any new regime could feel like they would develop him into something special.

Agency Representation = CAA

36. Browns – RB Donald Brown ~ Connecticut = The Browns are in desperate need of some youth at the tailback position. Brown can come in and offer a change of pace from Jamal Lewis, bringing with him great quickness/acceleration, excellent toughness, great character and a high work ethic. In the city of Cleveland Brown would be well received and he could be very similar to RB Matt Forte in Chicago.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

37. Seahawks – LB Clint Sintim ~ Virginia = Seattle has a huge hole at linebacker now that they traded LB Julian Peterson to the Lions. Sintim can soften the blow of losing such a good player while providing a stout defender against the run. Sintim also can rush the passer because of his 3-4 background.

Agency Representation = ProFiles

38. Bengals – S Louis Delmas ~ Western Michigan = The Bengals cut starter Dexter Jackson, and have virtually a bunch of no names at safety. Delmas can come in and start right away while providing some leadership. He also will be stout versus the run, something the Bengals desperately need from their safeties.

Agency Representation = Rosenhaus Sports

39. Jaguars – OT William Beatty ~ Connecticut = The Jaguars season fell apart due to their injuries along the offensive line. They also have a laundry list of free agents across the line, so Beatty would fill their biggest need as well as providing a potential star at the position down the road. Beatty also has a strong veteran leader to learn from in newly acquired LT Tra Thomas.

Agency Representation = Perennial Sports

40. Raiders – WR Kenny Britt ~ Rutgers = One of Oakland’s biggest needs is to get a receiver for former #1 overall pick QB JaMarcus Russell. Britt is a big, physical receiver who isn’t afraid to go across the middle. He can play right away in Oakland, and work on his route running with WR Javon Walker. JaMarcus loves to throw in the middle of the field, so Britt should see a lot of balls his rookie year.

Agency Representation = FAAM

41. Packers – NT Ron Brace ~ Boston College = Brace will give them a giant plug in the middle of the line that they need with switching over to the 3-4 defense. Teamed with NT Ryan Pickett they now can more effectively make the transition.

Agency Representation = PlayersRep

42. Bills – LB James Laurinaitis ~ Ohio State = The Bills would most likely move James to the outside although they could move LB Paul Posluszny to the outside due to him being smaller than Laurinaitis, either way would give them a stout linebacking core. This is a huge slide for Laurinaitis but between skipping the Senior Bowl and not doing well at the combine, it is very possible.

Agency Representation = CAA

43. 49ers – DE/OLB Michael Johnson ~ Georgia Tech = This is a huge slide for Johnson, based on just his size/speed & athleticism he would have been drafted in the first round. This is the NFL, and his inconsistencies in college are very alarming. He could be best suited for a 3-4 OLB despite being 6’7″. In San Francisco he would have plenty of discipline, leadership around him, and the chance to contribute right away.

Agency Representation = Klass Sports

44. Dolphins – CB D.J. Moore ~ Vanderbilt = Miami will be in play for a corner either at this pick or their first rounder. This would be great value picking up Moore here. The Dolphins needs help in their secondary especially since CB Andre Goodman bolted for Denver.

Agency Representation = DeBartolo Sports

45. Giants – OLB/DE Tyrone McKenzie ~ USF = The Giants love stacking up on pass rushers and rightly so. They have had some serious injuries to key starters on the defensive line, so McKenzie can soften the blow of a potential injury while also having great potential to develop into a 10 sack player in the NFL. McKenzie’s explosion off the ball is up there with the best in the draft.

Agency Representation = Impact Sports

46. Texans – DE Paul Krugar ~ Utah = Krugar has potential to develop into the same type of player Patrick Kerney was with Atlanta. Houston recently signed Antonio Smith from Arizona, but teams love having a solid rotation at all positions especially guys who rush the passer. Krugar can allow Defensive Coordinator Frank Bush Jr. to move more guys around while having a more dynamic rotation.

Agency Representation = DEC Mgmt

47. Patriots – S Patrick Chung ~ Oregon = The Patriots have the aging Rodney Harrison who needs to be replaced. The team re-signed James Sanders, but Chung can come in alongside the rangier Brandon Merriweather and provide more of a presence in the deep half of the field, similar to a Rodney Harrison type. Chung is also versatile and can be used in many ways under Bill Bellichick.

Agency Representation = Octagon

48. Broncos – LB Connor Barwin ~ Cincinnati = Connor is exactly the player Denver needs for their newly installed 3-4 defense. Barwin lit the combine on fire displaying supreme athleticism. He can come in and give Denver a very nice trio of rush linebackers with Jarvin Moss & Elvis Dumervill.

Agency Representation = XAM Sports

49. Bears – WR Brian Robiskie ~ Ohio State = The Bears could go defense because the unit is getting up in age, but with the addition of QB Jay Cutler they need to give him another weapon. Robiskie is a guy who does everything well and could really help the transition from Denver to Chicago for Cutler.

Agency Representation = Blue Equity

50. Browns – DT/DE Jarron Gilbert ~ San Jose State = The Browns need a 4^th man for their defensive line rotation. Gilbert can come in and relieve not only NT Shaun Rogers, but DE’s Shaun Smith & Corey Williams. I wouldn’t be surprised if Gilbert took Smith’s job either. This is a big athletic kid who can afford to add another 10-15 pounds to his 288 lb. frame.

Agency Representation = Sun West Sports

51. Cowboys – S William Moore ~ Missouri = Dallas has a major need at safety. They released former first rounder S Roy Williams, and Ken Hamlin is close to retiring. Moore is a guy who could easily leapfrog some of these other safeties and come off the board first, he has great size (6’0″ 224) and great instincts. He didn’t perform up to expectations all the time in college, so the Cowboys may need to be patient with him, but could reap the benefits later.

Agency Representation = Octagon

52. Jets – RB LeSean McCoy ~ Pittsburgh = I can’t see the Jets passing on McCoy if he were to fall this far. Starting RB Thomas Jones is now the dreaded age of 30, and he already has appeared to be wearing down. Throw in the fact that he is skipping mini-camps because of a contract situation, it makes matters worse. I don’t expect Jones to be there much longer at all, and McCoy is one of the most talented running backs in the entire draft. Paired with RB Leon Washington you can have one of the more dangerous duos in the league.

Agency Representation = Rosenhaus Sports

53. Eagles – CB Coye Francies ~ San Jose State = After trading Lito Sheppard to the Jets, Philly needs a nickel corner. There is a lot to like about Francies. He is 6’0″ 188, an extremely fluid athlete, physical, and strong. He put up 24 reps of 225 at the combine to put to rest the people who doubt his strength. That is enough for me to give him a solid 2^nd round grade.

Agency Representation = Octagon

54. Vikings – CB/S Sean Smith ~ Utah = The Vikings could use another corner to come in and compete for a starting or nickel spot. Smith isn’t just any corner either; he is 6’4″ and can play safety too. Smith is a guy who could very easily go earlier in the round, but I am a little wary of 6’4″ corners (Lenny Walls). Safety would be a better fit in my opinion.

Agency Representation = DEC Mgmt

55. Falcons – DT Alex Magee ~ Purdue = Atlanta needs a big athletic defensive tackle as much as anybody in the league. Grady Jackson bolted for Detroit so there is a need for a run stuffer in the middle. Magee is 6’3″ 298 and has good quickness off the ball and can move really well for a man his size.  He can form a nice duo alongside 4 year pro Jonathan Babineaux.

Agency Representation = Maximum Sports

56. Dolphins – OG Kraig Urbik ~ Wisconsin = Miami could use a big, strong lineman with great technique on the inside. Urbik can come in and start right away and he is the prototype lineman for a Bill Parcels football team.

Agency Representation = All-Pro Sports

57. Ravens – QB/WR Pat White ~ West Virginia = White was one of the most productive players in college football history. He was a winner, and used his intangibles & speed to produce in college. These traits have the making of someone GM Ozzie Newsome would draft. Even though the team has QB Troy Smith already there, White can play more receiver, while allowing them to run the wildcat to perfection.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

58. Patriots – OG Andy Levitre ~ Oregon State = New England along with about 75% of teams could use more depth along their offensive line. Levitre is a guy who played tackle in college so he will be able to supplement more than one position for the Pats. He played pretty well at guard when I saw him at the Senior Bowl and has impressed many scouts since.

Agency Representation = Domann & Pittman

59. Panthers – CB Jairus Byrd ~ Oregon = Carolina cut starting CB Ken Lucas and now are very thin at corner. Byrd is a legitimate second round prospect who has great size (5’10″ 207) and is a big-time playmaker. He is second all-time in Oregon’s history with 17 interceptions. This first team All-Pac 10 guy can compete for a starting spot in Carolina and give them a special teams threat to go with it.

Agency Representation = Maximum Sports

60. Giants – S Rashad Johnson ~ Alabama = The Giants lost S James Butler in the off-season and need a replacement. Johnson would compliment rangy, big hitting S Kenny Phillips well because of his leadership and coverage ability.

Agency Representation = Athletic Resource Mgmt

61. Colts – C Eric Wood ~ Louisville = With veteran C Jeff Saturday being 34 by next season as well as an unrestricted free agent, this will soften the blow if they decide to let Saturday walk. Wood is another high character, high motor guy with great technique who can be the type of leader the Colts need from the center position.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

62. Titans – TE Shawn Nelson ~ Southern Miss = Tennessee would love to get a tight end to develop behind the 28 year old Bo Scaife. Nelson can add another dimension to the Titans offense. He is still raw but the reward for this selection could be huge. He would have time to play second fiddle for a year or two and work on his blocking, before stepping into the starting role.

Agency Representation = Blue Equity

63. Cardinals – RB Mike Goodson ~ Texas A&M = Arizona needs some insurance at the tailback spot with veteran Edgerrain James on his last legs. Teamed with RB Tim Hightower, Goodson can provide the speed Hightower lacks. People will like the fact that Goodson didn’t get many carries in college so he most likely won’t break down anytime soon.

Agency Representation = MS World LLC

64. Steelers – OT Phil Loadholt ~ Oklahoma = Pittsburgh lost LT Marvel Smith to the 49ers so they will be looking for a starting caliber tackle to come in opposite T Max Starks. Loadholt is a very intriguing prospect at 6’8″ 343 pounds and under the right coaching, could develop into a solid starter in the league.

Agency Representation = Premier Sports

Round 3

65. Lions – WR Mohamad Massaquoi ~ Georgia = Massaquoi has shot up the draft boards ever since the college season ended. He had a very productive senior season at Georgia and has the rep of being hard working and a great teammate. Adding Matthew Stafford’s favorite target from college wouldn’t be a bad idea, especially considering how weak the Lions are at receiver aside from superstar WR Calvin Johnson.

Agency Representation = Ayrault Sports Agency

66. Rams – TE Jared Cook ~ South Carolina = St. Louis has the aging TE Randy McMichael as their starter. Cook can come in and battle for a starting spot, while bringing with him speed that wasn’t there with McMichael. This is a great pick for value as well as depth.

Agency Representation = Domann & Pittman

67. Chiefs – TE Chase Coffman ~ Missouri = The Chiefs traded away their pro bowl tight end Tony Gonzalez, so Coffman could come in and provide a similar red zone threat being 6’6″ 266. He would be given the chance to start and Head Coach Todd Haley’s offense fits Coffman well.

Agency Representation = CAA

68. Seahawks – CB/S Sherrod Martin ~ Troy = Seattle will be very tempted to select someone with as much versatility as Martin. New Head Coach Jim Mora Jr. is a former secondary coach who would love to bring in Martin who was a fantastic player at Troy. His best fit is most likely at safety and with the aging S Brian Russell there, they can have a solid replacement with this pick.

Agency Representation = Enter-Sports

69. Cowboys – OG Duke Robinson ~ Oklahoma = Dallas needs to get younger on the offensive line and owner Jerry Jones loves the inside guys to be able to run block which is Robinson’s specialty. He has great size and strength and fills a need for the Cowboys.

Agency Representation = Impact Sports

70. Bengals – RB Shonn Greene ~ Iowa = Cincinnati hasn’t had a quality tailback since RB Rudy Johnson left. Greene is a guy with a low center of gravity, excellent balance, and very good strength (23 reps of 225). He also ran a 4.55 in the 40 yard dash at his pro day and posted a 39.5 inch vertical. Greene also was the only running back in college football last year to run for at least 100 yards in every game, a testament to his durability.

Agency Representation = Octagon

71. Raiders – WR Ramses Barden ~ Cal-Poly = Oakland needs a replacement for departed WR Ronald Curry. Barden is 6’6″ 229 and ran a 4.51 at his pro day which is something the Raiders I’m sure love. Barden needs to improve his route running, but at least in Oakland he will get a chance to start.

Agency Representation = Octagon

72. Jaguars – CB Victor “Macho” Harris ~ Virginia Tech = Macho is one of my favorite players this year because of his incredible instincts and amazing quickness. Macho ran a 3.98 short shuttle at the combine which ranked second overall. At 5’11″ 198 he has good size as well. With the 4.46 40 yard dash he ran at his pro day he has solidified himself going at worst, in the third round. The Jaguars need more depth at corner especially after the disaster CB Drayton Florence was for them last season.

Agency Representation = Octagon

73. Packers – TE Cornelius Ingram ~ Florida = Green Bay could use more of a receiving threat at the tight end position. Current TE Donald Lee is a solid all-around player, but Ingram is much more talented catching the football. Ingram also ran a 4.68 in the 40 yard dash at the combine. He will give QB Aaron Rodgers another weapon in the middle of the field and could develop into a player that suggests he should’ve been drafted much higher than the 3^rd round.

Agency Representation = Rosenhaus Sports

74. 49ers – OLB Lawrence Sidbury Jr. ~ Richmond = San Francisco would like to form a solid trio of pass rushers for their 3-4 defense. Adding Sidbury would give them a guy with great burst off the line of scrimmage. Sidbury ran a 4.64 in the 40 at the combine and posted 28 reps of 225 on the bench press which was surprising because he has been known as strictly a pass rusher.

Agency Representation = SportsStars

75. Bills – TE James Casey ~ Rice = Buffalo doesn’t have a legitimate starting tight end anywhere on the roster. Casey flew under the radar in his collegiate career playing for Rice but is one of the more talented receiving tight ends in the entire draft. He is more like a big receiver at 6’3″ 246 pounds but Casey also is a very talented baseball player as well (he was drafted in the 7^th round in 2003 by the White Sox) and can add another dimension to Buffalo’s new look offense.

Agency Representation = Select Sports Group

76. Jets – DT Roy Miller ~ Texas =  Miller would be a nice fit as a 3-4 end or nose tackle in Rex Ryan’s scheme because of a few reasons. First, he was extremely productive in his four year career at Texas even earning defensive MVP of the 2009 Fiesta Bowl. At 6’1″ 310 pounds Miller threw up 36 reps of 225 and posted a very impressive 36 inch vertical.

Agency Representation = Priority Sports

77. Texans – CB Kevin Barnes ~ Maryland = Houston doesn’t have good depth at corner. Barnes has increased his stock dramatically with his 4.45 at his pro day and 41 inch vertical. He also posted the fastest short shuttle time out of anybody at the combine (3.96). At 6’0″ 190 pounds he has the measurables to be special. He also has shown he can deliver the big hit which is a rare commodity for a corner.

Agency Representation = FAAM

78. Chargers – OT Jamon Meredith ~ South Carolina = San Diego needs to have more depth at tackle so if/when an injury occurs they aren’t in such a rough position like they were so often last year. Meredith is a player who is balanced in pass pro as well as run blocking and has great value here in the 3^rd.

Agency Representation = ProFiles

79. Broncos – S Chip Vaughn ~ Wake Forest = Denver needs all the help they can get in their secondary, especially for the future. Vaughn often was overshadowed in college because of LB Aaron Curry & CB Alphonso Smith, but he can make an impact somewhere in the NFL. He is 6’1″ 226 and really loves to hit. Not being a liability in coverage would be his only issue, but he certainly would have the right veterans and coaches around him to get him up to speed to the NFL game.

Agency Representation = Goal Line Sports

80. Redskins – OT Fenuki Tupou ~ Oregon = Washington desperately needs depth at tackle. If they don’t trade up to select OT Eugene Monroe or if they don’t reach and take OT Michael Oher with their first round pick they will have to address it here. Tupou is my highest rated tackle available and can come in and compete for a starting spot. He is 6’6″ 310 and extremely powerful.

Agency Representation = Octagon

81. Bucs – DT Sen’Derrick Marks ~ Auburn = Tampa Bay is aging up front and needs to add an inside presence who can get penetration for their defense to be effective. Marks is known for his quickness and burst, so this active tackle prospect would fit nicely in Tampa Bay.

Agency Representation = Enter-Sports

82. Lions – LB Darry Beckwith ~ LSU = Detroit needs a middle linebacker to take LB Jordan Dizon’s spot. He is way too small, and Beckwith is 6’0″ 242. He was often overshadowed playing around so much NFL talent at LSU but was very consistent and solid against the run. Detroit’s current linebackers aren’t known for their run stopping abilities so Beckwith fits nicely.

Agency Representation = Athletic Resource Mgmt

83. Packers – OT Gerald Cadogan ~ Penn State = Green Bay has two 30+ year old tackles and just like every NFL team they need depth. Cadogan has been solid ever since taking over for former 1^st round pick Levi Brown. He has the potential to play some guard as well so his versatility gives him the nod here.

Agency Representation = XAM Sports

84. Broncos – DT/DE Mitch King ~ Iowa = With the move to the 3-4, defensive lineman became even more critical. King is a high motor, lunch pail type of player who will bring plenty of intensity to the defense. At 6’2″ 280, he has great size for an end spot. King also was extremely hard to block at the Senior Bowl, and was a two time first team All-Big 10 selection at Iowa as well as a four year starter.

Agency Representation = Eastern Athletic Services

85. Eagles – TE Travis Beckum ~ Wisconsin = Eagles have a young TE who showed promise last year in TE Brent Celek yet they did lose TE L.J. Smith so they will be looking for depth. Beckum is a very talented receiving tight end and wouldn’t have to start right away in Philly which could benefit him very much as a rookie.

Agency Representation = Maximum Sports

86. Vikings – WR Juaquin Inglesias ~ Oklahoma = Minnesota needs a third receiver behind starters Sidney Rice & Bernard Berrian. Inglesias has lead Oklahoma in receptions & receiving yards the past two seasons yet still flew under the radar. He is 6’1″ 210 and gets by in his intangibles. He runs very crisp routes and has underrated hands.

Agency Representation = Allegiant Mgmt

87. Dolphins - NT Sammie Lee Hill ~ Stillman = Miami has the aging NT Jason Ferguson and would love to add depth not only at nose tackle but defensive end. Hill is 6’4″ 326 and dominated the small school ranks. Miami would like to bring in someone of this size and athleticism to groom for a starting role in the future.

Agency Representation = Goal Line Sports

88. Ravens - ILB Jasper Brinkley ~ South Carolina = Baltimore lost starting ILB Bart Scott to the Jets in free agency and could have his replacement in Brinkley. A former JUCO transfer, Brinkley is blessed with great size (6’2″ 252) and has the power to go with it. He would be learning from the best and could be special in Baltimore’s scheme.

Agency Representation = SportStars

89. Patriots – DT/DE Ricky Jean-Francois ~ LSU = It is almost a given that New England will trade one of their second or third rounder’s but if they are here and Francois is on the board it will be very hard for New England to pass him up. Jean-Francois was an underachiever at LSU, but has a whole lot of talent. At 6’3″ 295, he fits perfectly into the 3-4 and has versatility that New England covets.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

90. Falcons – OLB Marcus Freeman ~ Ohio State = Atlanta cleaned house this off-season at linebacker cutting both their starting outside linebackers. Freeman has been one of the most underrated, yet productive (he had more solo tackles than LB James Laurinaitis over the past 2 seasons) linebackers in the nation. He has struggled with minor injuries throughout his career in college but showed at the Senior Bowl against top competition he’s no slouch. This fills a huge need for the Falcons, and could be another great draft pick by GM Thomas Dimitroff.

Agency Representation = DeBartolo Sports

91. Giants – RB Andre Brown ~ N.C. State = The Giants are going to have to replace RB Derrick Ward and the 1,025 yards that he gained last season. RB Brandon Jacobs is the most powerful running back in the league, and RB Ahmad Bradshaw is a just a very good scat back. RB Andre Brown had a brilliant Senior Bowl performance (he was a beast in practice) and he had a stellar combine as well (4.49 40 yard dash, 24 reps of 225, 37 inch vertical). Brown is one of my favorite players in the draft as well.

Agency Representation = Enter-Sports

92. Colts – OLB Kaluka Maiava ~ USC = Indianapolis loves undersized linebackers, and Maiava is said to be a “poor man’s Lofa Tatupu” who was hardly mentioned at USC with all the big names surrounding him. At 5’11″ 229, Maiava gets by with his ability to find the ball and show off his football IQ. The Colts need a smart, instinctive linebacker to add to the mix.

Agency Representation = Priority Sports

93. Panthers – DT Fili Moala ~ USC = Carolina let DT Darwin Walker go in free agency and really need a guy to come in and compete for a starting job. Moala is 6’4″ 305 and can really move well for being 300+ pounds.

Agency Representation = Premier Sports

94. Titans – ILB Jason Phillips ~ TCU = Tennessee doesn’t have much of a presence in the middle of their defense and Phillips is one of the more underrated prospects in the entire draft. He suffered a recent injury so that is why he may slide a little bit. Phillips has one of the biggest motors of any linebacker in this class and good size as well (6’1″ 240).

Agency Representation = Schlegel Woy

95. Cardinals – LB Cody Brown ~ Connecticut = Arizona plays a hybrid version of the 4-3 with a lot of 3-4 mixed in. Brown is the best prospect available here regardless of position. He showed at the Senior Bowl that he can compete with top notch talent and could eventually replace LB Chike Okafor in Arizona.

Agency Representation = PlayersRep Sports

96. Steelers – WR Derrick Williams ~ Penn State = Pittsburgh lost slot receiver Nate Washington to the Titans in free agency. WR Limas Sweed is expected to fill that role, but he is much more of a possession receiver. Williams at the very least could take over as the kick/punt returner for Pittsburgh and provide a deep threat that Washington used to be for the Steelers. It doesn’t hurt that Williams would be well received from the hometown fans either.

Agency Representation = Blue Equity

97. Patriots – ILB Scott McKillop ~ Pittsburgh = One word describes McKillop and that is a “gamer”. He won’t wow anybody with his measurables but he is rich in the intangible department. The Patriots are going to need a replacement very soon for ILB Tedy Bruschi and McKillop resembles him very much.

Agency Representation = Athletes First

98. Bengals – C Antoine Caldwell ~ Alabama = Cincinnati has major needs on the offensive line to include center. 32 year old starter Bobbie Williams has been a trooper for the team but they need to get younger and better at the position. Caldwell was rock solid for Alabama and can be an anchor in the NFL. He just needs to gradually cut down on the mental lapses that he sometimes has, because physically he has it all.

Agency Representation = Eastern Athletic Services

99. Bears – DT Terrance Taylor ~ Michigan = The Bears are aging at some key positions on defense to include safety and corner. Aside from DT Tommie Harris (who is having trouble staying healthy himself as of late) they are extremely weak at defensive tackle. Taylor is a big, very strong body that can help plug up the middle and let LB’s Brian Urlacher & LB Lance Briggs roam free.

Agency Representation = Octagon

100. Giants – ILB/OLB Dannell Ellerbe ~ Georgia = This is a value pick more than anything, yet with ILB Antonio Pierce’s apparent decline it could pay dividends in a couple seasons. Ellerbe fought through nagging injuries last year in Athens, but the year before he was stellar. Ellerbe could be a flash in the pan, or he could just have had an unfortunate year. His talent will be worth the risk of a third round pick.

Agency Representation = Law ofcs of James Williams

Fringe 3^rd Rounder’s = C A.Q. Shipley – Penn State, RB Javon Ringer – Michigan State (3.98 short shuttle), CB Mike Parson – Ohio, CB Asher Allen – Georgia, OLB Jason Williams – Western Illinois (4.43 40, 39 inch vertical, 26 reps of 225 at 6’1″ 241), WR Austin Collie – BYU (great hands), OT Troy Kropog – Tulane, RB Rashad Jennings – Liberty (6’1″ 234, 29 reps of 225), OLB Gerald McRath -Southern Miss, OG Trevor Canfield – Cincinnati, S Michael Hamlin – Clemson, S Chris Clemons – Clemson, CB Mike Mickens – Cincinnati, OLB Zack Follett – California, NT Chris Baker – Hampton, ILB Worrell Williams – California (brother of Broncos LB D.J. Williams), OT Augustus Parrish – Kent State, DE Kyle Moore – USC, DE/DT Will Johnson – Michigan (47 reps of 225), OT Sebastian Vollmer – Houston, CB Donald Washington – Ohio State (43 inch vertical),  OT T.J. Lang – Eastern Michigan, S Darcel McBath – Texas Tech, WR Mike Wallace – Mississippi (4.33 40), WR Aaron Kelly – Clemson, DE Brandon Williams – Texas Tech, RB Kory Sheets – Purdue, Brooks Foster – North Carolina (27 reps of 225), OG/OT Herman Johnson, RB Andrew Johnson – Akron (Dynasty Client)

For some more mocks, check out hailRedskins Mock Draft Database, FFToolbox – 2008 NFL Mock Drafts & Prospect Profiles, or DC Pro Sports Report.

Brandon Thorn’s 2009 NFL Mock Draft from Sports Agent Blog - Sports Business, Sports Law, Sports Negotiations, NCAA Rules

The air around East Lansing is palpable every Saturday when the Spartans have a game. Everyone around town knows the name Javon Ringer like he is part of their family. After this season, the Big Ten and the rest of the nation will be accustomed to hearing the name Ringer on Saturdays, and maybe even Sundays in the future.

Ringer currently has 1373 yards and 16 total touchdowns, leading all NCAA Division I football players so far in both categories.  Oh yea, he also leads the nation in attempts (300 carries) and overall all purpose yards (1717), and is second in yards per game with 152.6 average.  Does this put him on Heisman watch? At only 5″9 and 202 lbs, he has a dark horse chance at becoming the shortest Heisman trophy winner.  He already has his own website tracking his stats and talking about his potential awards this season, http://www.ringer23.com/.

After beating Notre Dame in East Lansing 23-7, ESPN’s Adam Rittenberg heard Michigan State defensive coordinator Pat Narduzzi compliment Ringer at a news conference, “I’ll put my vote in for Javon Ringer for the Heisman Trophy. That needs to start getting picked up a little bit because that guy’s a machine.” Narduzzi wasn’t the only Spartan to plead Ringer’s case for Heisman. QB Brian Hoyer said, “He’s the best back in the country. I go and look on ESPN.com and they’ve got the Heisman hopefuls or whatever. Javon Ringer should be in there.”

Despite all the Heisman hype, he is almost single handedly helping the Green and White win games.  This is not only evident by his NCAA leading 300 carries.  He is a leader on and off the field in his Senior season as captain of the Sparty’s.   Despite all the recognition this year, Ringer is extremely modest and credits his offensive line and blockers before taking any himself.

Not only is he a great football player, but he seems to be of good character and works hard every day.  Right now, Ringer is the top RB candidate for the Heisman trophy.  There are several quarterbacks ahead of him, with Colt McCoy leading the pack.  MSU plays Wisconsin this Saturday and ends the season in Happy Valley against a really good Penn State squad.  After a disappointing performance against Ohio State at home, look for Ringer to blow up against one of those two teams and pop back on the Heisman radar screen.  If Texas loses in the Big 12 Championship game or Colt McCoy loses his head of steam, Ringer may be Heisman hopeful.

Whatever happens, Ringer’s play this year has set him aside as one of this year’s most talented backs in college football and should give him a shot to play on Sundays.  Willie Parker, Leon Washington and others have shown that a smaller back can still succeed in the NFL.

Ringer Up from Sports Agent Blog - Sports Business, Sports Law, Sports Negotiations, NCAA Rules